Mr. David Herman Kween, 30, married, two children, merchant (and his wife Phyllis, listed under U.S, victims) These findings concurred with statements made by Mohammed Mahmoudi, the baggage handler who had closed the door on Flight 981; he noted that no particular amount of force was needed to close the locking handle. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regular flight operated by Turkish Airlines, from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stopover in Paris. AED 981. Mr. Ronald Mark Sanders, 46, married, one child, jewelry representative and his The result was that the vent door simply indicated the position of the locking handle, and could not warn of a failure of the locking mechanism. Mr. Patrick John Hutton, 43, married, physicist and his wife Anne Elizabeth, 40, secretary That system, although it has undergone radical changes, is still similar in several key ways. On the 3rd of March 1974, Pariss Orly Airport was in chaos. Oral Ulusman Mr. Erhan Ozer Mr. Engin Ucok Ms. Gulay Sonmez Ms. Nilgun Yilmazer Ms. Sibel Zahin Ms. Semra Hidir Ms. Fatma Barka Ms. Rona Altinay Ms. Ayse Birgili As the plane climbed, the pressure acting on the door was transmitted through the hinges and into the latch actuator bolts, until the bolts sheared off under the strain at 11,750 feet, causing the cargo door to depart the airplane. Mr. Brian Lucius Arthur, 32, married, two children, real estate agent Mr. David Lewis Cowell, 36, married, one child, farm products representative This is the story of that sordid saga, that years-long dance of critically flawed business decisions, conflicting motivations, and failures of governance that led directly to one of the deadliest plane crashes of all time. The only runway at the airport long enough for a DC-10 was in a state of disrepair. Mr. Robert Andre Jean Lerendu, 34, married, one child, bank director and his wife Josette, 30 and their daughter Corinne Elise Simone, 5 and Mr. Lerendus brother Mr. Jacques Auguste Louis Lerendu, 38, married, two children, company secretary Although French media outlets called for Mahmoudi to be arrested, the crash investigators stated that it was unrealistic to expect an untrained, low-paid baggage handler who could not read the warning sticker to be responsible for the safety of the aircraft. Mr. Paul Anthony Hiilman, 25, real estate agency director Some other passengers cancelled their tickets due to delays or for not finding enough seats. Five minutes after the crash, local police Captain Jacques Lannier was having lunch with his family at the Officers Club in the nearby village of Senlis when he received a phone call from his personal assistant: apparently a plane had gone down in the Ermenonville Forest. Warnings started to blare, indicating a fire, although there was none. However, while the FAA agreed that the locking and electrical systems should be upgraded, it also agreed with McDonnell-Douglas that the additional venting would be too expensive to implement, and did not demand that this change be made. By the following year, most of the obvious kinks had been ironed out, and the DC-10 entered passenger service with American Airlines in August 1971. Shortly after 1140 hrs, when the Turkish Airlines flight TK981 had reached 12,000 (roughly 3,700 m) feet during climb, the Air Traffic Control recorded a transmission in the Turkish language, partly covered by heavy background noise and accompanied by the pressurization warning and then the overspeed warning; and at the same time, the aircraft radar return split in two and the secondary radar label disappeared. 16 passengers and three crew members came from France. It moved into place normally, the vent door closed, and the warning light went out in the cockpit. there are 9 airlines operating flights between the two destinations and approximately 55 flights take off from Ibiza to Zagreb every week. Shortly thereafter, the aircraft received clearance from the controllers to climb to 23,000 feet (6,900 meters). To make matters worse, Douglas chose a new type of latch to seal the cargo hatch. [2] The plane, owned by Mitsui, was originally to be purchased by All Nippon Airways, but the Japanese airline declined the aircraft in favor of the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar. As Captain McCormick steered his plane slowly back toward Detroit, he knew that they were in a delicate situation. [2] The aircraft's original pitch angle was negative 20 degrees, resulting in the aircraft accumulating a massive amount of airspeed during its quick descent. incomplete application of Service Bulletin 52-37; incorrect modifications and adjustments which led, in particular, to insufficient protrusion of the lock pins and to the switching off of the flight deck visual warning light before the door was locked; the circumstances of the closure of the door during the stop at Orly, and, in particular, the absence of any visual inspection, through the view port, to verify that the lock pins were effectively engaged, although at the time of the accident inspection was rendered difficult by the inadequate diameter of the view port. In the case of Flight 96, the plane was able to make a safe emergency landing because not all of the underfloor cables were severed, thus allowing the pilots limited control. Japanese embassy sources said that a total of 49 Japanese were on board. The cargo hatch, however, is not. Crew of craft TC-JAV ( A detailed account here) Mr. Nejat Berkoz Mr. Miss Patricia Margaret Rogers, 46, company 4irector Furthermore, Hurt believed that McDonnell Douglass lack of action to fix the floor meant that they were waiting for an excuse to make Convair pay for it. The design of the cargo door was, of course, flawed from the beginning. We hope that our visitors will appreciate and we help them to increase their aviation culture. Mr. Takeo Shinmi, 22, bank management trainee This in turn meant that they would have to land at a higher speed than normal. But before the office could finish drafting even this first most insignificant directive, Jackson McGowen, president of the Douglas division of McDonnell Douglas, telephoned FAA Administrator John Shaffer in order to intervene. Nevertheless, nothing was done to change the design, presumably because the cost for any such changes would have been borne as out-of-pocket expenses by the fuselage's subcontractor, Convair. The first leg from IST to ORY went smoothly, with a flying time of four hours. Mr. Carlo Alberto Fontana, 38, married, one child, engineer Mr. Anthony Colin Ryan, 21, student Turkish Airlines (TK) Turkmenistan Airlines (T5) TUS Airways (U8) Tway Air (TW) Twin Jet (T7) Ulendo Airlink (NYS) Ultra Air (U0) UM Air (UF) Uni Air (B7) . Mr. Hayim Kohen, S 1, married, two children, exporter and his wife Coya, 43, exporter All three throttle levers snapped back to idle and the plane began to pitch down. The crash was also known as the Ermenonville air disaster, from the forest where the aircraft crashed. Mrs. Fumi Nagao, 48, married, two children Fokker F28 plane crashes. However, the FAA is not obligated to act on NTSB recommendations. The more extensive collapse of the floor severed all the control cables to the tail, rather than most of them, rendering it impossible for the pilots to control their planes pitch. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a scheduled flight from Istanbul Yesilky Airport to London Heathrow Airport, with an intermediate stop at Orly Airport in Paris. The flight crew were all Turkish. The pilots, Captain Nejat Berkz, First Officer Oral Ulusman, and Flight Engineer Erhan zer, had no idea what hit them. However, it was too late to stop production of the six DC-10s, so McDonnell Douglas decided to finish them and park the planes next to its facility at Long Beach Airport in California until a buyer could be found. Delegation is necessary to some extent because the FAA lacks enough staff to certify every part of every new airplane. anset2000it. A McDonnell Douglas DC-10, flying as American Airlines Flight 96, had experienced an explosive decompression in the aft cargo hold in June 1972. The vent door was of course meant to solve this, but it was entirely useless because it was not driven by the locking pins and thus could not indicate whether the hinges were over-center. Mr. James Allan Overton, 37, married, three children, engineer and his wife Susan Brenda, 31 Mrs. Jean Mary Burris, 48, married Mr. Jack Middieton, S4, married, one child, company director and his wife Joan Margaret, 51 if it had crashed with 11 crew and 117 passengers being lost, not 11 crew and 335 passengers or would the 215 fewer passengers have made a difference? But instead of considering whether the design of the door itself was flawed, Douglas blamed the failure on human error by a mechanic. Lannier assumed it was a small plane from the local gliding club, and he told his assistant to dispatch some squad cars to the scene. Miss Erica Ann Sworder, 34, nurse This resulted in the pilots losing the ability to control the plane's elevators, rudder, and Number 2 and 3 engines. As far as investigators were able to tell, there was no way that Berkz and Ulusman could have recovered. [3] American Airlines Captain McCormick had managed to land the plane safely. Meanwhile, back in 1972, engineers at the Convair division of General Dynamics, which Douglas had contracted to manufacture the fuselage and doors according to its specifications, began to express concern about the design of the aircrafts floor. Mr. Robert James Gillman, 21, trainee print buyer Turkish Airlines Flight 981 was a regular flight operated by Turkish Airlines, from Istanbul to London Heathrow, with a stopover in Paris. However, earlier in 1972, they had run into an unexpected hiccup. Mr. Boubacar Sy, 40, married, merchant, SPANISH From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, TC-JAV, the aircraft destroyed in the accident, taxiing at. 216 new passengers, many of whom were supposed to fly on Air France, BEA, Pan Am or TWA, boarded TK 981 in Paris. A huge hole had opened up near the back of the cabin, throwing part of the floor, two rows of seats, and six passengers out into the sky. Mr. Trevor Vincent Dangerfield, 37, married, company director The Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, now lagging far behind its upstart rival, didnt follow suit until April 1972. I found myself, troubled, hurt and mad. Turkish Airlines Flight 1951 (also known as the Poldercrash [6] or the Schiphol Polderbaan incident) was a passenger flight that crashed during landing at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, the Netherlands, on 25 February 2009, resulting in the deaths of nine passengers and crew, including all three pilots. Mr. Thomas William Addis, 71, widower, four children, retired driver Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Rosher, 71, widow, one child, merchant and Mrs. Roshers daughter Mrs. Sarah Elizabeth Sykes, S2, widow, one child choose Qatar Airways, which departs at 09:25 The last flight for this route is Vueling, Turkish Airlines, departing at 22:40 Zagreb Airport . Mrs. Wendy Wheal, 24, married, fashion model Victims of the Ermenonville crash interred at Thiais cemetery, Paris. But a cargo door that is also a plug door would be impractical because of its size, which greatly increases the forces it would have to withstand, and because a cargo door that opens inward would severely decrease the amount of available cargo space. But as he held down the button to drive the latch actuator, the voltage dropped and the actuator stopped before the hinges could move over-center. Mr. Yashihiko Tsuji, 22, trading company management trainee Pressure acting on the door would then force the hooks deeper into the detents, holding the door closed. In 1967, Douglas admitted defeat. The sudden departure of the door caused all the air to rush out of the cargo compartment, taking with it a number of items, including an occupied coffin. Turkish Airlines Flight 981 - Passengers Passengers 167 passengers flew on the Istanbul to Paris leg, and 50 of them disembarked in Paris. This makes it particularly important that the locking mechanisms be secure. Mrs. Christine Carmen Bland, 46, married, librarian Miss Rachel Margaret Cowie, 47, accountant, BELGIAN But when the job got out of machine control and depended on human attention, major accidents also became inevitable. An outward-opening hatch, however, relies entirely upon its latch to prevent it from opening in flight. Mr. Thomas Roger Marriage, 37, married, three children, farmer The altimeter showed them climbing through 11,750 feet. For at least six weeks the police were not even certain of how many people had died. This action left many United Kingdom-bound passengers stranded in Europe. THY was understandably reluctant to take on the responsibility of operating the DC-10, given the state of their knowledge and infrastructure. Employees at British European Airways had gone on strike in order to secure higher pay ahead of a planned merger with BOAC, and all across Europe, passengers who had been scheduled with BEA were making their way to Paris to find a flight, any flight, back to London. The DC-10 had disintegrated into hundreds of thousands of pieces, and, horrifically, so had its passengers. Mr. Mehmet Engin 1nan, 21, student and his sister Hatize Burcin, 25, student Mr. Eric Kelsey, 52, married, three children, cafe owner and his wife Catherine Esther, 50, teacher and their daughters Helen Esther Ann, 10, and Ann Mary Olga, 6 It was a tragedy which manifestly should not have happened. Mr. Franois de Bellegar palhortie, 44, married, four children, engineer Mr. Yasuhiro Tominaga, 44, married, two children, company manager Problems with the hatches had occurred previously, most notably in an identical incident that happened on American Airlines Flight 96 in 1972. The Turkish Airlines passenger manifest contained dozens of inaccuracies: many of the victims names were spelled incorrectly and some didnt appear on the list at all. Mr. MustaEa Ihsan Celebi, 20, student The case should have been open and shut, the resulting design changes uncontroversial. The plane yawed sharply left, the nose dropped, and all three engines rolled back to idle. It should be noted, however, that a view port was provided so that there could be a visual check of the engagement of the lock pins. But when McDonnell Douglas copied this feature, they made a crucial mistake: unlike Boeings design, their vent door was driven by the torque tube attached to the locking handle instead of the lock tube. 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